References

Introduction

• Archives of Ontario. (2025). Slavery and abolition in Upper Canada. https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/online_exhibits.aspx
• Battiste, M. (2018). Cognitive Imperialism. In M. Peters (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory (pp. 183–188). Springer. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/west/detail.action?docID=6310819
• Chitty, S.M. (2023). More than Words: A Guide to Land Acknowledgements at Western University. Retrieved May 21, 2025 from: https://express.adobe.com/page/FSblzCQD2HCI5/
• Cross, N., & Peace, T. (2021). “My Own Old English Friends”: networking Anglican Settler Colonialism at the Shingwauk Home, Huron College, and Western University. Historical Studies in Education / Revue d’histoire de l’éducation. https://doi.org/10.32316/hse-rhe.v33i1.4891
• Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
• Freire, P. (with Ramos, M. B., Macedo, D. P., & Shor, I.). (2018). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (50th anniversary edition). Bloomsbury Academic.
• Global Souths Hub. (2025). Who we are. Global Souths Hub. https://globalsouth.org/who-we-are
• Leibowitz, B. (2017). Cognitive justice and the higher education curriculum. Journal of Education, 68, 93–111.
• Leung, S. (2022). The futility of information literacy & EDI: toward what? College & Research Libraries, 83(5), 751–764. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.83.5.751
• Leung, S., & López-McKnight, J. R. (Eds.). (2021). Knowledge Justice: Disrupting Library and Information Studies through Critical Race Theory. MIT Press. https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/5114/Knowledge-JusticeDisrupting-Library-and
• Loyer, J. (2018). Indigenous Information Literacy: Nêhiyaw kinship enabling self-care in research. In K. Nicholson & M. Seale (Eds.), The Politics of Theory and the Practice of Critical Librarianship (p. 12). Library Juice Press
• Mignolo, W. (2011). Epistemic disobedience and the decolonial option: A manifesto. TRANSMODERNITY: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5070/T412011807
• Patin, B., Sebastian, M., Yeon, J., Bertolini, D., & Grimm, A. (2021). Interrupting epistemicide: A practical framework for naming, identifying, and ending epistemic injustice in the information professions. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 72(10), 1306–1318. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24479
• Quijano, A. (2007). Coloniality and modernit/rationality. Cultural Studies, 21(2–3), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601164353
• Stein, S., Andreotti, V., Ahenakew, C., & Hunt, D. (2022). The complexities and paradoxes of decolonization in education. In F. Rizvi, B. Lingard, & R. Rinne (Eds.), Reimagining Globalization and Education (pp. 198–213). Routledge
• Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). TRC Findings and Final report. http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/index.php?p=890
• Tuck, E., & Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 1(1), Article 1. https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/des/article/view/18630
• Visvanathan, S. (1997). A carnival for science: Essays on science, technology, and development. Oxford University Press.
• Visvanathan, S. (2011). The search for cognitive justice. https://www.india-seminar.com/2009/597/597_shiv_visvanathan.htm
• Western University. (2020, May). President’s Anti-Racism Working Group Final Report. Western University. https://www.president.uwo.ca/pdf/arwg-final-report-to-president-shepard-fnl.pdf

Chapter 2

• Battiste, M. (2018). Cognitive Imperialism. In M. Peters (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory (pp. 183–188). Springer. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/west/detail.action?docID=6310819
• Brown, A. (2021). Understanding the technical and societal relationship between shadowbanning and algorithmic bias. Forbes. Retrieved July 5, 2025, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/anniebrown/2021/10/27/understanding-the-technical-and-societal-relationship-between-shadowbanning-and-algorithmic-bias/ 
• CBC. (2000, September 28). Blood fight. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/blood-fight-1.210228
• Department of Psychology. (2022). Dr. Philippe Rushton. Department of Psychology, Western University. http://www.psychology.uwo.ca/people/faculty/remembrance/rushton.html
• Dunne, G. (2020). Epistemic injustice. In: Peters, M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory. Springer: Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_697-1.
• Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing.
  https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
  
• Gillespie, T. (2016). #trendingistrending: When algorithms become culture. In Algorithmic Cultures. Routledge.
• Google AI. (2025). Responsible AI Progress Report.
  https://ai.google/static/documents/ai-responsibility-update-published-february-2025.pdf
  
• Mosby, I. (2013). Administering colonial science: nutrition research and human biomedical experimentation in Aboriginal Communities and Residential Schools, 1942–1952. Histoire Sociale / Social History, 46(1), 145–172.
• Nicholas, G. P., & Bannister, K. P. (2004). Copyrighting the past? Emerging intellectual property rights issues in archaeology. Current Anthropology, 45(3), 327–350.
  https://doi.org/10.1086/382251
  
• Noble, S.U. (2025). Safiya Umoja Noble, Ph.D. https://safiyaunoble.com/
  
• Quijano, A. (2007). Coloniality and modernit/rationality. Cultural Studies, 21(2–3), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601164353
• Sousa Santos, B. (2011). Epistemologies of the South: Justice against epistemicide. Études rurales, 187, 21–50.
• Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report.
  https://ehprnh2mwo3.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf

Chapter 3

• Bartlett, C., Marshall, M., & Marshall, A. (2012). Two-Eyed Seeing and other lessons learned within a co-learning journey of bringing together indigenous and mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing.
  Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2(4), 331–340.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0086-8
  
• Battiste, M. A. (with Henderson, J. Y.). (2000). Protecting Indigenous Knowledge and heritage: A global challenge. Purich.
• Duhamel, K. (2018). The Two Row Wampum. Canadian Museum for Human Rights.
  https://humanrights.ca/story/two-row-wampum
  
• Justo. (2025, January 31). Anishinaabe Medicine Wheel meaning explained. Native Tribe Info.
  https://www.nativetribes.info/anishinaabe-medicine-wheel-meaning-explained/
  
• Kwak, A., Redden, M., & Newman, J. (2025). Exploring Marginalized Voices.
  https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/412115
• Leibowitz, B. (2017). Cognitive justice and the higher education curriculum. Journal of Education, 68, 93–111.
• Leung, S. (2022). The futility of information literacy & EDI: toward what? College & Research Libraries, 83(5), 751–764. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.83.5.751
• Leung, S., & López-McKnight, J. R. (Eds.). (2021). Knowledge Justice: Disrupting Library and Information Studies through Critical Race Theory. MIT Press. https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/5114/Knowledge-JusticeDisrupting-Library-and
• Stroll, A., Martinich, A., & White, M. J. (1991). Certainty and surface in epistemology and philosophical method: Essays in honor of Avrum Stroll. E. Mellen Press.
• Rowe, G. (2014). Implementing Indigenous Ways of Knowing into research: Insights into the critical role of dreams as catalysts for knowledge development.
  Journal of Indigenous Social Development, 3(2), Article 2.
  https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/jisd/article/view/63064
  
• Visvanathan, S. (2002). The future of science studies. Futures, 34(1), 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(01)00037-4

Chapter 4

• Arenas-Castro, H. (2025, March 22). Prestigious journals make it hard for scientists who don’t speak English to get published. And we all lose out. The Times. https://www.thetimes.com.au/world/29535-prestigious-journals-make-it-hard-for-scientists-who-dont-speak-english-to-get-published-and-we-all-lose-out
• Assoulin, E., & Bacaller, S. (2024). Black and white, both and none: Critical reflections on the limits of positionality discourse in Australia. Ethnicities, 14687968241273793. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687968241273793
• Boren, R. (2024, May 3). ActuallyAutistic. Stimpunks Foundation. https://stimpunks.org/glossary/actuallyautistic/
• Boveda, M., & Annamma, S. A. (2023). Beyond Making a Statement: An Intersectional Framing of the Power and Possibilities of Positioning. Educational Researcher, 52(5), 306–314. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X231167149
• Brunette-Debassige, C. (2024). Tricky Grounds: Indigenous Women’s Experiences in Canadian University Administration. Univ of Regina Pr.
• Chong, R. (2022). Indigenous information literacy. Kwantlen Polytechnic University. https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/indigenousinformationliteracy/.
• CLRN. (2024, December 11). What is an academic Database? California Learning Resource Network. https://www.clrn.org/what-is-an-academic-database/
• Cooke, N. A., & Colón-Aguirre, M. (2021). “Killing It from the Inside”: Acknowledging and Valuing Black, Indigenous, and People of Color as LIS Faculty. The Library Quarterly, 91(3), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1086/714324.
• Cultural Integration (Indigenous). (n.d.). Indigenous: Culture and protocols. University of Manitoba. https://umanitoba.ca/indigenous/culture-and-protocols.
• Elsevier. (2025). ScienceDirectAI: Eureka, everyday. Elsevier. https://www.elsevier.com/products/sciencedirect/sciencedirect-ai.
• Foley, J., and Campbell, H. (2017, October 12). What, precisely, is a database? What do they have to do with journals? The Clever Researcher. https://beryliveylibrary.wordpress.com/2017/10/12/databases-and-journals/
• Gani, J. K., & Khan, R. M. (2024). Positionality statements as a function of coloniality: interrogating reflexive methodologies. International Studies Quarterly, 68(2), sqae038. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae038
• Government of Canada. (2024, April 15). The Online News Act. https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/online-news.html
• Leibowitz, B. (2017). Cognitive justice and the higher education curriculum. Journal of Education, 68, 93–111.
• Local Contexts. (2025). Traditional Knowledge Labels. https://localcontexts.org/labels/traditional-knowledge-labels/  
• Loyer, J. (2018). Indigenous information literacy: Nêhiyaw kinship enabling self-care in research. In K. Nicholson & M. Seale (Eds.), The Politics of Theory and the Practice of Critical Librarianship (p. 12). Library Juice Press.
• Major, J. C. W., Jewell, V., & Bodison, S. C. (2025). Public health critical race praxis in maternal health occupational therapy: A framework for race-conscious research and intervention. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(2), 7902347020. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.050990
• Montgomery, L., Bell, E.C., and Huang K. (2025, March 24). Academic publishing is a multibillion-dollar industry. It’s not always good for science. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/academic-publishing-is-a-multibillion-dollar-industry-its-not-always-good-for-science-250056.
• Savolainen, J., Casey, P. J., McBrayer, J. P., & Schwerdtle, P. N. (2023). Positionality and its problems: questioning the value of reflexivity statements in research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 18(6), 1331–1338. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221144988
• Shabanov, I. (2024, September 29). Litmaps vs ResearchRabbit vs Connected Papers – The best literature review tool in 2025. The Effortless Academic. Retrieved May 20, 2025 from: https://effortlessacademic.com/litmaps-vs-researchrabbit-vs-connected-papers-the-best-literature-review-tool-in-2025/
• Shah, A., Ranka, P., Dedhia, U., Prasad, S., Muni, S., & Bhowmick, K. (2023). Detecting and unmasking AI-generated texts through explainable Artificial Intelligence using stylistic features. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(110). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.01410110
• Tsosie, R. L., Grant, A. D., Harrington, J., Wu, K., Thomas, A., Chase, S., Barnett, D., Hill, S. B., Belcourt, A., Brown, B., & Sweetgrass-She Kills, R. P. (2022). The Six Rs of Indigenous Research. Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education, 33(4). https://tribalcollegejournal.org/the-six-rs-of-indigenous-research/
• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (n.d.). Indigenous Peoples at the United Nations. United Nations. https://social.desa.un.org/issues/indigenous-peoples/indigenous-peoples-at-the-united-nations.
• Western Libraries. (2025). Problematic Language in the Library Catalogue. http://www.lib.uwo.ca/collections/problematic_language_in_the_library_catalogue.html
• Western University (2025, forthcoming). Guide towards Indigenous Allyship at Western University. Office of Indigenous Initiatives. Western University. https://indigenous.uwo.ca/allyship/index.html
• Western University (2024). Guidelines for Working with Indigenous Community Members. Office of Indigenous Initiatives. Western University. https://indigenous.uwo.ca/assets/docs/pdfs/working_with_indigenous_community.pdf
• Western University. (2023). Land Acknowledgement. Office of Indigenous Initiatives. Western University. https://indigenous.uwo.ca/archives/initiatives/land-acknowledgement.html

Chapter 5

• Beaulne-Stuebing, L. (2023, March 12). Why tackling the global industry of fake Indigenous art is like playing ‘whack-a-mole’. CBC Radio. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/unreserved/fraudulent-indigenous-art-1.6774902
• Canada, C. S. E. (2024, August 30). Recognize artificial intelligence (AI): 9 ways to spot AI content online. Get Cyber Safe. https://www.getcybersafe.gc.ca/en/resources/recognize-artificial-intelligence-ai-9-ways-spot-ai-content-online
• Cottais, C. (2025). Diets and social media: Avoid the disinformation trap. University of Ottawa. https://www.uottawa.ca/research-innovation/news-all/diets-social-media-avoid-disinformation-trap
• Fazackerley, A. (2023, May 7). ‘Too greedy’: Mass walkout at global science journal over ‘unethical’ fees. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/may/07/too-greedy-mass-walkout-at-global-science-journal-over-unethical-fees
• Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
• Government of Canada, I. (2024, October 15). A guide to copyright [Guides]. Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/canadian-intellectual-property-office/en/guide-copyright
• Horowitz-Ghazi, A. (2023, September 1). How one man fought a patent war over turmeric. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/09/01/1197321273/turmeric-india-biopiracy-patent-tkdl
• Lee, T. (2024, September 17). AI is biased against speakers of African American English, study finds. University of Chicago News. https://news.uchicago.edu/story/ai-biased-against-speakers-african-american-english-study-finds
• Loyer, J. (2024, October 12). 1 star reviews for AI scam language books on Amazon. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@indigenouslibrarian/video/7424976047038385414
• Olson, M. (2025, April 21). Classification as Colonization: The Hidden Politics of Library Catalogs – LLRX. https://www.llrx.com/2025/04/classification-as-colonization-the-hidden-politics-of-library-catalogs/
• Patin, B., Oliphant, T., Allard, D., Gray, L., Clarke, R. I., Tacheva, J., & Lar-Son, K. (2021). At the Margins of Epistemology: Amplifying Alternative Ways of Knowing in Library and Information Science. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 630–633. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.515
• Simon Fraser University Library. (2025). Indigenous Knowledges and Copyright. Academic Integrity. https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/academic-integrity/copyright/indigenous-knowledges-and-copyright
• Sousa Santos, B. (2011). Epistemologies of the South: Justice against epistemicide. Études rurales, 187, 21–50.
• United Nations. (2024, May 24). Nations agree landmark treaty on traditional knowledge, protecting Indigenous Peoples’ rights. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/05/1150231
• The Washington Post. (2025). Seeing Isn’t Believing: The Factchecker’s Guide to Manipulated Video. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/politics/fact-checker/manipulated-video-guide/
• Wick’d Confections. (2025, April 7). Some online accounts aren’t what they seem. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@wickdconfections/video/7490427462451547423?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7469798624018204166
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2023). Documentation of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (Background Brief No. 9). https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-rn2023-5-9-en-documentation-of-traditional-knowledge-and-traditional-cultural-expressions.pdf