Appendix L: Formation Constants for Complex Ions

Formation Constants – Complex Ions

Table L.1 Formation Constants for Complex Ions
Equilibrium Kf
[latex]\text{Al}^{3+}\;+\;6\text{F}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{AlF}_6]^{3-}[/latex] 7 × 1019
[latex]\text{Cd}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{NH}_3\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Cd(NH}_3\text{)}_4]^{2+}[/latex] 1.3 × 107
[latex]\text{Cd}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{CN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Cd(CN)}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 3 × 1018
[latex]\text{Co}^{2+}\;+\;6\text{NH}_3\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Co(NH}_3\text{)}_6]^{2+}[/latex] 1.3 × 105
[latex]\text{Co}^{3+}\;+\;6\text{NH}_3\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Co(NH}_3\text{)}_6]^{3+}[/latex] 2.3 × 1033
[latex]\text{Cu}^+\;+\;2\text{CN}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Cu(CN)}_2]^{-}[/latex] 1.0 × 1016
[latex]\text{Cu}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{NH}_3\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Cu(NH}_3\text{)}_4]^{2+}[/latex] 1.7 × 1013
[latex]\text{Fe}^{2+}\;+\;6\text{CN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Fe(CN)}_6]^{4-}[/latex] 1.5 × 1035
[latex]\text{Fe}^{3+}\;+\;6\text{CN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Fe(CN)}_6]^{3-}[/latex] 2 × 1043
[latex]\text{Fe}^{3+}\;+\;6\text{SCN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Fe(SCN)}_6]^{3-}[/latex] 3.2 × 103
[latex]\text{Hg}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{Cl}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{HgCl}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 1.1 × 1016
[latex]\text{Ni}^{2+}\;+\;6\text{NH}_3\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Ni(NH}_3\text{)}_6]^{2+}[/latex] 2.0 × 108
[latex]\text{Ag}^{+}\;+\;2\text{Cl}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{AgCl}_2]^{-}[/latex] 1.8 × 105
[latex]\text{Ag}^{+}\;+\;2\text{CN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Ag(CN)}_2]^{-}[/latex] 1 × 1021
[latex]\text{Ag}^{+}\;+\;2\text{NH}_3\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Ag(NH}_3\text{)}_2]^{+}[/latex] 1.7 × 107
[latex]\text{Zn}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{CN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Zn(CN)}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 2.1 × 1019
[latex]\text{Zn}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{OH}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Zn(OH)}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 2 × 1015
[latex]\text{Fe}^{3+}\;+\;\text{SCN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Fe(SCN)}]^{2+}[/latex] 8.9 × 102
[latex]\text{Ag}^+\;+\;4\text{SCN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Ag(SCN)}_4]^{3-}[/latex] 1.2 × 1010
[latex]\text{Pb}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{I}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{PbI}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 3.0 × 104
[latex]\text{Pt}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{Cl}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{PtCl}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 1 × 1016
[latex]\text{Cu}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{CN}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Cu(CN)}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 1.0 × 1025
[latex]\text{Co}^{2+}\;+\;4\text{SCN}^{-}\;{\rightleftharpoons}\;[\text{Co(SCN)}_4]^{2-}[/latex] 1 × 103

Attribution & References

Except where otherwise noted, this page is adapted from “Appendix K: Formation Constants for Complex Ions ” In General Chemistry 1 & 2 by Rice University, a derivative of Chemistry (Open Stax) by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley & William R. Robinson and is licensed under CC BY 4.0. ​Access for free at Chemistry (OpenStax)

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