Evaluate What You Find With the “CRAAP Test”

Sources to evaluate in the Video:

• Wikipedia entry on Online Social Movements [New Tab]
  • Consider this a good starting point and look at the sources below for more information.
• Blog written by a professor: Role of Social Media in Social Movements: Egyptian Revolution and Occupy Wall Street [New Tab]
  • Select “Author”, “Author – Main Publications”
  • This article is not peer reviewed; consider why.
• Peer Reviewed (Open Source): The Digital Evolution of Occupy Wall Street [New Tab]
  • This article is peer reviewed. Why?
  • Look at the conflict of interest note at the beginning.

Evaluating your sources is critical to the academic research process. The CRAAP test allows you analyze your sources and determine whether they are appropriate for your research or just plain crap! The CRAAP test uses a series of questions that address specific evaluation criteria like the authority and purpose of the source. You should use this test for all your sources. Note: it is not intended to make you exclude other, less authoritative sources, but to help you analyze how you intend to use them to support your arguments.

C = Currency: The timeliness of the information.

• When was the information published or posted?
• Has the information been revised or updated?
• Does your topic require current information, or will older sources work?

R = Relevance: The importance of the information for your needs.

• Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question?
• Who is the intended audience?
• Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e., not too elementary or advanced for your needs)?
• Have you looked at a variety of sources before determining this is one you will use?
• Would you be comfortable citing this source in your research paper?

A = Authority: The source of the information.

• What are the author’s credentials or organizational affiliations?
• Is the author qualified to write on the topic? Do you trust the author?
• Is there contact information, such as a publisher or email address?
• Does the URL reveal anything about the author or source? examples: .com .edu .gov .org .net

A = Accuracy: The reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content.

• Where does the information come from?
• Is the information supported by evidence?
• Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
• Can you verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?
• Does the language or tone seem unbiased and free of emotion?
• Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?

P = Purpose: The reason the information exists.

• What is the purpose of the information? Is it to inform, teach, sell, entertain or persuade?
• Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or purpose clear?
• Is the information fact, opinion or propaganda?
• Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?
• Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional or personal biases?

Attribution & References

Except where otherwise noted, this chapter (video & Text) is adapted from “Evaluate What You Find With the “CRAAP Test”” In Write Here, Right Now: An Interactive Introduction to Academic Writing and Research by Aaaron Tucker, Paul Chafe, and Ryerson University, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Adapted for clarity of writing and punctuation.