You must cite information learned from sources in TWO places: In-text citations and biographical citations.

In-Text Citations

In the body of your assignment each time you

• quote
• paraphrase
• summarize
• use or refer to specific audiovisual representations (data, images, tables, figures, video clips, podcasts, performances, etc.)

These citations are placed at the sentence level and tell the reader how you know the information in the sentence (e.g., you read it in X or you heard it from Y). These are called in-text citations.

Biographical Citations

In a list of sources at the end of your assignment, called

• References (APA Style)
• Works Cited (MLA Style)
• Bibliography (Chicago Style)

These are called bibliographic citations.

citations work together

These two citations work together: the brief in-text citation allows you to identify exactly which material in the body of the assignment comes from which source. It is short, so it does not clutter up the body of your assignment, but it leads your reader easily to the complete bibliographic citation in the end list of sources for more detailed information about the source.

Attribution

This chapter is an adaptation of 4.6 Where to Cite: Two Places by Donnie Calabrese; Emma Russell; Jasmine Hoover; and Tammy Byrne and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. You can download this book free at Academic Integrity Handbook Copyright © 2020.