Chapter 22: Exposure & Technique Errors
Learning Objectives
At the end of this module chapter, you will be able to:
22.1
- Define the key terms associated with exposure and technique errors.
- Identify and describe the appearance of the following exposure errors: unexposed receptor, film exposed to light, overexposed receptor, and underexposed receptor.
- Identify and describe the appearances of the following periapical technique errors caused by receptor placement: absence of apical structures and dropped receptor corner.
- Describe horizontal and vertical angulation.
- Identify and describe the appearances of the following periapical technique errors caused by angulation problems: incorrect horizonal angulation (overlapped contacts), incorrect vertical angulation (foreshortened images and elongated images), and incorrect beam alignment (cone-cut images).
22.2
- Describe and identify proper receptor placement for bite-wing images.
- Identify and describe the appearances of the following bite-wing technique errors caused by receptor placement: incorrect placement of premolar bite-wing and incorrect placement of molar bite-wing.
- Identify and describe the appearances of the following bite-wing technique errors caused by angulation problems: incorrect horizontal angulation (overlapped contacts), incorrect vertical angulation (distorted image), and incorrect position-indicating device (PID) alignment (cone-cut images).
- Identify and describe the appearance of the following miscellaneous technique errors: bending, creasing, debris accumulation, phalangioma, double image, movement, reversed/backward placement, and wired cable issues.
