8.3 How to (NOT) create Weak Arguments
Let’s look at some common weaknesses that can deteriorate a persuasive argument—and reflect on how to avoid them.
The Issues
1. Weak or Vague Thesis
- Problem: If your central claim is unclear or overly broad, readers won’t know what you’re arguing.
- Fix: Make your thesis specific and debatable. It should guide your entire essay.
2. Lack of Evidence
- Problem: Relying on opinions or anecdotal stories alone.
- Fix: Use credible sources and data to support claims. Evidence is your armour.
3. Ignoring Counterarguments
- Problem: Pretending opposing views don’t exist can make your writing seem one-sided or naïve.
- Fix: Address and refute counterpoints to show depth and strengthen your stance.
4. Overuse of Emotional Appeals
- Problem: Excessive emotion can be perceived as manipulative or unprofessional.
- Fix: Strike a balance between emotional resonance and logical, factual support.
5. Poor Organization
- Problem: Arguments jump around, making it hard for readers to follow. They do not follow an order. There is no coherent structure. There is no cohesion between arguments.
- Fix: Structure your writing logically—with clear transitions and focused paragraphs.
6. Repetitive Language
- Problem: Saying the same thing over and over can wear down your reader’s patience.
- Fix: Use varied vocabulary and sentence structures to keep it fresh.
7. Tone Discrepancy
- Problem: Being too casual or too aggressive can alienate your audience.
- Fix: Maintain an academic and respectful tone, especially when tackling controversial issues.
8. Grammar and Style Errors
- Problem: Typos, Subject-Verb disagreement, incorrect spelling, inappropriate word choice, and awkward phrasing can undermine credibility.
- Fix: Proofread and revise. Let your writing reflect your best self.
