2.3 The Limits of AI in Teaching and Learning
There is plenty of hype about AI. Applying a critical and measured approach to teaching and learning with AI is crucial in this context.
Reflecting on the Hype of AI
Reflection: One Faculty Member’s Perspective
Read Generative AI: Ban it or Bring it On? One Professor’s Perspective by Michael Quartermain (Faculty Learning Hub).
- What are his arguments for generative AI use? How might AI tools inspire new ways of presenting course material that were not considered before?
- What are his arguments against generative AI use? What limitations of AI should be considered before using AI in my own work?” Are there specific cases in my field where AI use is not useful for supporting learning?
- Do these perspectives reconcile, in your opinion?
Some Early Research: When AI Does Not Support Learning
Researchers have noted that overreliance on technology can lead to superficial engagement, compromising the depth of reflection and critical thinking, and may reinforce biases or create dependency rather than fostering independent problem-solving skills (Puntambekar & Hubscher, 2005). While AI can reduce cognitive load by providing simplified answer-finding for university students; AI can also weaken reasoning and reduce the depth of engagement that comes with searching through diverse sources and critically evaluating them (Stadler, Bannert, & Sailer, 2024).
Research highlights that educators worry students may become passive recipients of AI-generated content, leading to a superficial understanding of the materials and reduced critical thinking skills (World Economic Forum, 2023). Additionally, there are concerns about students not being adequately trained to use AI responsibly or ethically, which could result in academic dishonesty or the perpetuation of biases inherent in AI systems (Guo, Zheng, & Zhai, 2024).
Considering the limits of AI in education, AI may best serve learning as a support, supplement, enhancement, or collaboration tool. Balancing the use of AI with traditional teaching methods can help mitigate its drawbacks while maximizing its benefits.
Select the accordion items below to learn more about the limits of AI in education.
Talking to Students About the Limits of AI
Your students may also have expectations, thoughts, or questions about AI as it relates to learning. They may believe the “hype.”
You may wish to address your concerns with students about the potential negative impacts on their learning and their program of education, which could include:
- Lack of human interaction and emotional connection that is crucial for cognitive and emotional development
- Overreliance can lead to a lack of practice with critical thinking and problem-solving skills and increased dependence on technology for answers
- Reduced willingness to be creative, experiment, and innovate, limiting self-expression, authentic voice, and new ideas
- Raising questions about plagiarism and academic dishonesty, undermining the value of education and the credibility of college credentials
- Attribution of biased, hallucinated, or incorrect information to the students’ own perceptions and beliefs
See section 6.1 Teaching about the Risks of AI, for information and activities for class.
Learn More
Learn more about Decoding AI Hype for Teaching and Learning (Faculty Learning Hub).