Chapter 9 Summary

Front of Card:

1. Agricultural Revolution
2. Age structure
3. Biocapacity
4. Biological control
5. Carrying capacity (K)
6. Clumped distribution
7. Competition
8. Conservation of endangered species
9. Density-dependent limiting factors
10. Density-independent limiting factors
11. Ecological footprint
12. Ecological overshoot
13. Endangered species
14. Exponential growth
15. Immigration
16. Interspecific competition
17. Intraspecific competition
18. Invasive species
19. K-selected species
20. Limiting factors
21. Logistic growth
22. Mark-recapture method
23. Population density
24. Population ecology
25. Population size
26. Quadrant sampling
27. R-selected species
28. Random distribution
29. Species distribution
30. Survivorship curve
31. Sustainable resource management
32. Type I survivorship curve
33. Type II survivorship curve
34. Type III survivorship curve
35. Uniform distribution
36. 3 types of species distribution
37. 3 types of survivorship curves
38. 2 types of life history strategies
39. 2 types of population growth
40. 2 types of limiting factors
41. 4 applications of population ecology

Back of Card:

1. A historical shift about 10,000 years ago when humans began farming and domesticating animals, leading to food stability and population growth.
2. The distribution of individuals among age groups in a population; used to predict trends and plan for future needs.
3. The Earth’s ability to regenerate resources and absorb waste over time.
4. The use of predators, parasites, or pathogens to control pest species naturally and sustainably.
5. The maximum number of individuals an environment can support based on resource availability.
6. A pattern where individuals gather in groups, usually near resources.
7. When organisms compete for the same limited resources, affecting population growth.
8. Actions to protect species from extinction using legal protection, habitat restoration, and ecological strategies.
9. Factors like disease or competition that intensify as population density increases.
10. Factors like natural disasters that impact populations regardless of size.
11. The land and water area required by a person or group to produce resources and absorb waste.
12. Occurs when human consumption exceeds Earth’s ability to regenerate resources, causing environmental damage.
13. Species at risk of extinction due to threats like habitat loss or disease.
14. Population growth at a constant rate without limits, forming a J-shaped curve.
15. The arrival of individuals into a population, increasing its size.
16. Competition between different species for shared resources.
17. Competition within the same species for limited resources.
18. Non-native species that spread rapidly, harming ecosystems and economies.
19. Species that grow slowly, produce few offspring, and invest in parental care; adapted to stable environments.
20. Environmental conditions that restrict population size and growth.
21. Growth that slows as resources become limited, stabilizing at carrying capacity; S-shaped curve.
22. A method of estimating population size using captured, marked, and recaptured individuals.
23. The number of individuals per unit area or volume.
24. The study of population dynamics and interactions with the environment.
25. The total number of individuals in a specific area at a given time.
26. Estimating population size by counting individuals in small plots and scaling up.
27. Species that reproduce quickly, have many offspring, and little parental care; suited for unstable environments.
28. A distribution where individuals are spread randomly across a habitat.
29. How individuals are spatially arranged in their habitat—clumped, uniform, or random.
30. A graph showing how many individuals survive at each age level; Types I, II, and III.
31. The practice of using natural resources in a way that maintains ecosystem health for future generations.
32. Most individuals survive to old age (e.g., humans).
33. Equal chance of dying at any age (e.g., birds).
34. High death rate early in life, with survivors living long (e.g., fish, plants).
35. Individuals are evenly spaced due to competition or territoriality.
36. Clumped, uniform, and random.
37. Type I, Type II, and Type III.
38. r-selected and K-selected species.
39. Exponential and logistic growth.
40. Density-dependent and density-independent.
41. Conservation of endangered species, sustainable resource management, invasive species management, and biological control.