Chapter 6 Summary

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1. Amoebocytes
2. Annelids
3. Anterior
4. Arachnids
5. Arthropods
6. Asymmetrical
7. Bilateral Symmetry
8. Bioindicators
9. Bivalves
10. Budding
11. Centipedes
12. Cephalopods
13. Cephalothorax
14. Chaetae
15. Choanocytes
16. Chordates
17. Cnidarians
18. Cnidocytes
19. Complete Digestive System
20. Complete metamorphosis
21. Crustaceans
22. Dorsal
23. Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
24. Earthworms
25. Echinoderms
26. Endoskeleton
27. Exoskeleton
28. Filter Feeders
29. Flatworms
30. Fragmentation
31. Free-living
32. Gastrovascular Cavity
33. Gastropods
34. Hermaphroditic
35. Heterotrophic
36. Incomplete metamorphosis
37. Insects
38. Invertebrates
39. Jointed Appendages
40. Lancelets
41. Larva
42. Lateral
43. Leeches
44. Mantle
45. Medusa
46. Metamorphosis
47. Millipedes
48. Mollusks
49. Molting
50. Motile
51. Multicellular
52. Muscular foot
53. Myriapods
54. Nematodes
55. Notochord
56. Omnivores
57. Parasites
58. Pharyngeal Slits
59. Planarian
60. Polychaetes
61. Polyp
62. Post-Anal Tail
63. Posterior
64. Radial Symmetry
65. Radula
66. Segmented
67. Sexual Reproduction
68. Specialized Tissues
69. Sponges
70. Tapeworm
71. Tentacles
72. Tube Feet
73. Tunicates
74. Ventral
75. Vertebrates
76. Visceral Mass
77. Water Vascular System
78. General features of animals
79. 4 major groups of arthropods
80. 3 major groups of mollusks
81. 3 major groups of annelids
82. 4 key features of chordates
83. 2 groups of invertebrate chordates

Back of Card

1. Specialized cells in sponges that help digest food and transport nutrients to other cells
2. Segmented worms (phylum Annelida) with a body divided into ring-like segments; includes earthworms, leeches, and polychaetes
3. The front or head end of an animal with bilateral symmetry
4. Arthropods with two body segments (cephalothorax and abdomen), eight legs, and no antennae; includes spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
5. Invertebrates with segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton; includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods
6. Lacking any symmetry or consistent body shape; no plane can divide the body into mirrored halves (e.g. sponges)
7. Body plan in which a single vertical plane can divide the body into left and right mirror-image halves; associated with more complex body structures
8. Organisms that are sensitive to environmental changes and used to assess ecosystem health, such as aquatic insect larvae in freshwater systems
9. Mollusks with two hinged shells and a laterally compressed body; they are filter feeders; includes clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops
10. A form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows out of the body of the parent and eventually detaches
11. Fast-moving myriapods with one pair of legs per body segment; they are carnivorous and have venomous claws
12. Highly developed mollusks with a prominent head, tentacles, and a reduced or absent shell; includes octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish
13. A fused head and thorax found in some arthropods like crustaceans and arachnids
14. Bristle-like structures used for movement in many annelids
15. Cells in sponges that use flagella to generate water currents and trap food particles
16. Animals that possess a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some stage in development
17. Simple aquatic animals (phylum Cnidaria) with true tissues, radial symmetry, and tentacles with stinging cells; includes jellies, corals, sea anemones, and hydras
18. Specialized stinging cells in cnidarians that eject coiled threads to deliver toxins
19. A digestive system with two openings—a mouth and an anus—allowing food to move in one direction
20. A developmental process with four distinct stages; egg → larva → pupa → adult
21. Aquatic arthropods with two pairs of antennae, a hard exoskeleton, and often a cephalothorax; includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp
22. Refers to the upper or back side of an organism
23. A nerve cord located on the back (dorsal) side, forming the brain and spinal cord; a key feature of chordates
24. Terrestrial annelids segmented bodies; Burrow in soil, aerate it, and decompose organic matter
25. Marine animals (phylum Echinodermata) with spiny skin, radial symmetry in adults, and a water vascular system; includes sea stars and sea urchins
26. An internal skeleton made of hard structures such as bone or calcium carbonate plates
27. A rigid external body covering in arthropods that provides support and protection
28. Organisms that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water (e.g. sponges, bivalves)
29. Simple, soft-bodied invertebrates with bilateral symmetry; includes planarians and tapeworms
30. Asexual reproduction method where a piece of an organism breaks off and grows into a new individual
31. Describes organisms that do not rely on a host and live independently in their environment
32. A central digestive space with a single opening that acts as both mouth and anus, seen in flatworms and cnidarians
33. Mollusks with a muscular foot and often a coiled shell; includes snails and slugs
34. An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs
35. Organisms that obtain their nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matter
36. A developmental process where the young (nymphs) resemble the adult but lack fully developed wings and reproductive organs
37. The largest group of arthropods, with a three-part body (head, thorax, abdomen), three pairs of legs, and often wings
38. Animals that lack a backbone
39. Limbs with joints, a key feature of arthropods allowing for complex movement
40. Small, blade-like invertebrate chordates; found buried in sand; filter feeders
41. The juvenile form of an animal that undergoes metamorphosis, differing significantly in structure from the adult.
42. Referring to the sides of an organism.
43. Annelids with suckers at both ends; some are bloodsucking parasites, while others are predators or scavengers
44. A layer of tissue in mollusks that secretes the shell and encloses the internal organs
45. The free-swimming, umbrella-shaped life stage of some cnidarians, with the mouth and tentacles facing downward
46. A developmental process where animals transform from immature to adult forms in distinct stages
47. Slow-moving myriapods with two pairs of legs per body segment; feed on decaying plant matter
48. A diverse phylum of invertebrates with soft bodies, often protected by a shell; includes snails, clams, and squids
49. The process by which arthropods shed their exoskeleton to grow
50. Capable of movement; describes organisms or cells that can move independently using structures like cilia, flagella, or muscles
51. Composed of multiple cells; a characteristic of all animals
52. A structure used by mollusks for movement or attachment
53. Arthropods with many body segments and legs; includes centipedes and millipedes
54. Also known as roundworms, these are unsegmented worms with complete digestive systems
55. A flexible rod that provides support in chordates; later replaced by the vertebral column in vertebrates; a key feature of chordates
56. Animals that consume both plants and animals
57. Organisms that live on or inside a host, relying on it for nutrients
58. Openings in the throat region of chordates; they serve in filter feeding, respiration, or develop into various structures; a key feature of chordates
59. A free-living flatworm known for its ability to regenerate from fragments
60. Marine annelids with many bristles (chaetae)
61. A sessile (non-moving), cylindrical body form of cnidarians with the mouth facing upward
62. A tail that extends beyond the anus; a key feature of chordates
63. The rear or tail end of an animal with bilateral symmetry
64. A body plan where parts are arranged around a central axis, and multiple planes yield mirror images (e.g. sea anemone)
65. A tongue-like feeding organ in many mollusks that scrapes or cuts food
66. Divided into repetitive body sections, as seen in annelids and arthropods.
67. A form of reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg).
68. Groups of similar cells in animals that perform specific functions (e.g., muscle, nerve, epithelial tissues)
69. Aquatic animals (phylum Porifera) that lack true tissues and organs, and feed by filtering water
70. A parasitic flatworm that lives in the intestines of vertebrates, absorbing nutrients through its skin and lacking a digestive system
71. Flexible, elongated appendages used for feeding and sensing, commonly found in cnidarians and cephalopods
72. Small, flexible extensions used for movement and feeding in echinoderms, operated by hydraulic pressure
73. Invertebrate chordates that filter feed using pharyngeal slits and lose most chordate features after larval metamorphosis
74. Refers to the underside or belly of an organism, opposite the dorsal side
75. Animals with a backbone
76. The part of a mollusk’s body that contains most of its internal organs
77. A fluid-filled system in echinoderms used for movement, gas exchange, and nutrient transport
78. Eukaryotic, multicellular, specialized tissues, motile, heterotrophic
79. Insects, Myriapods, Crustaceans, Arachnids
80. Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods
81. Earthworms, Leeches, Polychaetes
82. Notochord, Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Pharyngeal slits, Post-anal tail
83. Tunicates, Lancelets