Chapter 11 Summary

1. Ecosystem diversity
2. Overexploitation
3. Living Planet Index
4. Vancouver Island Marmot
5. Species diversity
6. Captive breeding
7. Protected areas
8. Ecosystem restoration
9. Advocacy
10. Habitat destruction
11. Conservation biology
12. Legislation
13. Invasive species
14. Jenga analogy
15. Species at Risk Act (SARA)
16. Species-level conservation
17. Biodiversity (biological diversity)
18. Genetic diversity
19. Ecosystem services
20. Pollination
21. Volunteering
22. Community science
23. Reintroduction
24. 4 conservation strategies
25. Pollution
26. Species evenness
27. Keystone species
28. Biomagnification
29. Lifestyle choices
30. Mottled duskywing
31. Fragmentation (Habitat fragmentation)
32. Sustainability
33. 3 levels of biodiversity
34. 5 human activities driving biodiversity crisis
35. Career pathways
36. Species richness
37. Climate change
38. 5 categories of action for biodiversity
39. Biodiversity crisis
40. PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)
41. Greenhouse effect
42. Algal bloom
43. Canadian beaver

Solution:

1. The variety of different ecosystems found within a particular area
2. Harvesting species from the wild at rates faster than their populations can naturally recover, leading to population declines or extinction
3. A measure that tracks the population trends of thousands of vertebrate species globally and is used to indicate the health of ecosystems and biodiversity trends
4. A critically endangered species of marmot endemic to Vancouver Island; Conservation efforts, including captive breeding and habitat protection, helped to restore their population
5. The variety of different species within a particular region or ecosystem encompassing both species richness and evenness
6. Raising individuals of a species in controlled environments with the goal of increasing population numbers and potentially reintroducing them to the wild
7. Designated regions for the preservation of biodiversity, with restricted human activities to protect ecosystems and species
8. The process of repairing and revitalizing degraded or destroyed ecosystems to restore native species, ecological processes, and ecosystem services
9. Active support for a cause or proposal, often involving public campaigning, education, and influencing policy to promote conservation and biodiversity protection.
10. The process by which natural habitats are damaged or eliminated, often due to human activities like agriculture, urban development, or resource extraction
11. The science of protecting biodiversity by preserving ecological relationships and ecosystems
12. Laws or international agreements that are created to regulate human activities and protect biodiversity
13. Non-native species introduced to an area that cause harm by outcompeting native organisms, altering habitats, or disrupting ecosystems
14. A metaphor used to describe ecosystem stability – removing species (blocks) weakens the structure, and too many losses can cause the entire system to collapse
15. Canadian legislation aimed at preventing wildlife species from becoming extinct, protecting their habitats, and facilitating recovery strategies
16. Conservation efforts focused on protecting individual species through measures like legal protection, habitat management, captive breeding, and reintroduction
17. The variety of life on Earth includes genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity
18. Variation in the genetic composition of individuals within a species or population enables adaptation and survival
19. Natural processes performed by ecosystems that directly or indirectly benefit humans, such as pollination, air and water purification, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation
20. The transfer of pollen from one plant to another, enabling plant reproduction, and often facilitated by animals like insects, birds, and bats
21. Offering time and effort without financial compensation to support conservation initiatives, such as habitat restoration, species monitoring, and community science projects.
22. Scientific research conducted in collaboration with the public, where volunteers collect data, monitor species, and contribute to biodiversity studies (also known as citizen science)
23. Returning individuals of a species to areas where the species previously existed but have disappeared
24. Legislation, protected areas species-level conservation, ecosystem restoration
25. Harmful substances released into the environment by human activities negatively impacting ecosystems and species
26. How evenly individuals are distributed among the different species in an ecosystem
27. A species that has a disproportionately large influence on the structure and function of an ecosystem, where its removal significantly affects other species
28. The process by which toxic chemicals accumulate and become more concentrated in organisms at each successive trophic level of a food chain.
29. Personal decisions that impact the environment, such as diet, transportation, energy use, and consumption habits, which can contribute to or mitigate biodiversity loss
30. A species of butterfly native to Ontario, considered at risk due to habitat loss and fragmentation; a focus of conservation efforts including reintroduction and habitat restoration
31. Breaking habitats into smaller, isolated patches making it difficult for species to find food, reproduce, and migrate
32. Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, supporting ecological balance and long-term well-being
33. Genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity
34. Habitat destruction and fragmentation, overexploitation, pollution, climate change, invasive species
35. Everybody can integrate sustainability into their own career to build a future where biodiversity is protected
36. The number of different species present in an ecosystem or region
37. Long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather patterns primarily caused by increased greenhouse gas concentrations due to human activities
38. Lifestyle choices, community science, advocacy, volunteering, career pathways
39. The rapid decline in global biodiversity due to human activities; leading to species extinction and ecosystem degradation
40. Toxic industrial chemicals that persist in the environment, contribute to pollution and biomagnification in food chains
41. The warming of Earth’s surface is due to atmospheric gases (greenhouse gases like CO₂ and methane) trapping heat from the sun
42. A rapid increase or accumulation of algae in water systems, often resulting from high nutrient levels
43. A keystone species in Canadian ecosystems, known for building dams that create wetlands, which support biodiversity and regulate water systems