1 Guide to Bibliographic Citation
Guide to Bibliographic Citation
∞∞∞∞
This handout is based on the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
7th edition, 2020
Please check with your professor for any preferred variations.
While Library staff have made every effort to avoid errors in this document, we strongly encourage students to verify this information with the Publication Manual itself or with your professor.
The Library, Durham College and Ontario Tech University
August 2020
Table of Contents
Summary of Changes New to the 7th Edition:1
In-Text Citations and Reference List4
Formatting the References List6
Examples of Print and Electronic Materials7
Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia Entries9
Periodicals (Journals, Newspapers, Magazines)10
Conference Proceedings, Sessions and Presentations12
Personal Interviews and Personal Communication13
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge or Oral Traditions13
Visual Works – Clip Art or Images, Infographics, Photographs, Maps16
Audiovisual Works – Film, Television, Webinar, YouTube16
Social Media – Twitter, Facebook17
Lecture Notes and PowerPoint Slides18
Works Discussed in a Secondary Source (or Quoting a Quote)18