1 Guide to Bibliographic Citation

Guide to Bibliographic Citation

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This handout is based on the

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,

7th edition, 2020

Please check with your professor for any preferred variations.

While Library staff have made every effort to avoid errors in this document, we strongly encourage students to verify this information with the Publication Manual itself or with your professor.

The Library, Durham College and Ontario Tech University

August 2020

Table of Contents

Summary of Changes New to the 7^th Edition:1

Avoiding Plagiarism2

When to Cite2

What to Cite2

Quotations3

In-Text Citations and Reference List4

In-Text Citations4

Reference List5

Four Elements of a Reference5

DOIs and URLs5

Formatting the References List6

Examples of Print and Electronic Materials7

Books – Print and eBooks7

Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia Entries9

Government Documents9

Periodicals (Journals, Newspapers, Magazines)10

Conference Proceedings, Sessions and Presentations12

Personal Interviews and Personal Communication13

Indigenous Traditional Knowledge or Oral Traditions13

Data Sets14

Legal Cases and Legislation14

Websites15

Visual Works – Clip Art or Images, Infographics, Photographs, Maps16

Audiovisual Works – Film, Television, Webinar, YouTube16

Songs and Podcasts17

Social Media – Twitter, Facebook17

Blog Posts18

Lecture Notes and PowerPoint Slides18

Works Discussed in a Secondary Source (or Quoting a Quote)18

Sample Reference List19