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Section One: The Fundamentals

A) Keywords

Exercise 1:

Briefly (in 100 words or less) define one of the keywords in the padlet (including one that you. may have added yourself).

Colourblindness refers to a racial ideology that claims to “not see race” or treat individuals equally by ignoring racial differences. In sociological contexts, it is often critiqued as a framework that perpetuates systemic racism by dismissing the structural and cultural realities of race. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, in Racism Without Racists (2003), identifies colourblindness as a pillar of color-blind racism, where dominant groups assert that racism no longer exists and attribute racial inequalities to vague “cultural” differences (e.g., “Black people don’t work hard enough”) or “natural” outcomes of a meritocratic society. This ideology invalidates the lived experiences of marginalized racial groups and obscures institutional racism by framing racism as individual prejudice rather than systemic power imbalances.

Colourblindness also shapes sports discourse. For instance, claims that sports are a “meritocracy” (e.g., “the best player wins, regardless of race”) ignore how racialized athletes navigate systemic barriers (e.g., stereotyping, unequal access to training). By erasing these realities, colourblindness reinforces the status quo, positioning racial inequities as “solved” rather than ongoing struggles.

B) Representing Race

Exercise 2: Notebook Prompt 

In about 50-70 words, consider Joel Bervell’s question: why do we feel the need to extrapolate the athleticism of one Black athlete to all Black people when we do not do the same for white athletes?

Try to think of examples when this happens, making sure to reflect on your own positionality.

Joel Bervell’s question highlights how racial stereotyping essentializes Black athleticism as innate, rooted in racist pseudoscience that historically framed Black bodies as physically superior but intellectually inferior. For example, media often generalize Black NBA players’ success as “natural talent,” whereas white athletes like Tom Brady are celebrated for “strategy” or “hard work.” As a non-Black person, I observe how this perpetuates dehumanizing myths, reducing Black individuals to biological traits rather than acknowledging their individuality and labor. Such narratives uphold hierarchies that deny Black humanity.

C) Gender, Race & Sport 

Exercise 3: Notebook Prompt

What are some strategies for resistance that Rajack and Joseph identify in their article as a means of pushing back against and resisting misogynoir?

Rajack and Joseph identify several strategies for resisting misogynoir in their analysis of the 2018 US Open final and its aftermath:

  1. Reclaiming Multifaceted Identities: Countering the erasure of Naomi Osaka’s Haitian heritage by centering her Blackness alongside her Japanese identity. This disrupts colorist hierarchies that privilege lighter skin or non-Black identities, challenging media narratives that fragment racial belonging.
  2. Narrative Contestation: Reframing Serena Williams’ justified frustration as resistance to systemic bias in sports officiating, rather than caricaturing it as “angry Black woman” tropes. This involves publicly contextualizing her actions within histories of racial and gendered discrimination.
  3. Rejecting Apologetic Femininity: Resisting pressures for women of color to perform humility (e.g., Osaka’s repeated apologies). Athletes can assert agency by rejecting stereotypes of Asian women as meek or Black women as “aggressive,” reclaiming emotional expression as valid.
  4. Intersectional Solidarity: Building coalitions between Black and Asian women to oppose media narratives that pit them against each other. This counters the “model minority” myth and anti-Blackness, fostering collective resistance to intersecting oppressions.
  5. Media Accountability: Advocating for ethical journalism that avoids racialized framing, such as highlighting Osaka’s Black identity or fairly contextualizing Williams’ advocacy. Independent platforms led by women of color can amplify marginalized perspectives.
  6. Theoretical Expansion: Pushing cultural studies to better theorize Asian women’s experiences beyond monolithic “Women of Color” categorizations, addressing unique stereotypes (e.g., the “meek Asian woman”) and systemic erasure.

 

 

Section Two: Making Connections

A) Athlete Activism

Exercise 3: Padlet Prompt

 Do athletes have a responsibility to use their platform for social change? Why or why not? Please remember to record your response in both the padlet below and in your Notebook. 

B) Athlete Activism & Feminism

Exercise 4: Complete the activities 

 

Exercise 5: Notebook Prompt 

What do the authors of the article call for as a way of challenging how mainstream sports journalism privileges neoliberal feminist concerns? (100 words max.)

 

The writers advocate for broadening the definition of “sports media” beyond current sports journalism, which frequently ignores intersectional activism in favor of neoliberal feminist issues like equal pay. They contend that incorporating a range of media viewpoints and sources can help subvert prevailing narratives that minimize women’s activism, especially that of women of color. They promote a more comprehensive, inclusive view of feminism in sports by upending hegemonic masculinity in sports media and altering epistemic frameworks. This strategy seeks to expose underrepresented forms of feminism and question the ways in which the general public’s perception of athlete activism is shaped by the media.

 

C) Corporate social justice 

Exercise 6: Padlet Poll

Read this story by Ramsey Khabbaz contrasting the NFL stance on athlete activism with that of the NBA, especially in regards to BLM. Do sports leagues hold when it comes to BLM? Please respond to the padlet poll and record a brief rationale for your answer there in the space below. Remember to respond collegially to a classmate’s point (you may need to circle back at a later time if you are one of the first to post).
Sports leagues have both the visibility and resources to make a real difference in social justice efforts, particularly movements like Black Lives Matter. By publicly supporting these causes, leagues can amplify messages that challenge systemic oppression, contributing to broader societal change. Athletes already use their platforms to raise awareness, and the leagues’ endorsement helps legitimize their activism, creating a unified stance for equity. By backing social justice movements, sports leagues can promote progress, inclusivity, and accountability, shaping a culture where everyone is judged by their performance rather than their identity, thus contributing positively to society’s moral evolution

 

 

Section Three: Taking a shot

Module Assignment (submit as part of notebook and separately through Blackboard mini assignment #1 portal)

 

License

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This work (Gender, Sport, and Social Justice by Kelly McGuire) is free of known copyright restrictions.

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